یرقان که به عنوان زردی نیز شناخته می شود، زرد شدن پوست و نیز بخش سفید چشم ها و مایعات بدن بدلیل افزایش مقدار بیلی روبین در خون است. بیلی روبین یک رنگدانه زرد و محصول تجزیه روزانه گلبول های قرمز خون است. گلبول های قرمز خون قبل از اینکه توسط بدن تجزیه شوند و موجب تشکیل بیلی روبین شوند، معمولا به مدت 120 روز طول عمر دارند. خون موجب انتقال بیلی روبین به کبد می شود که در آنجا بیلی روبین تجزیه شده و به مایع صفرا ترشح می شود. مایه صفرا یک مایع غلیظ به رنگ ترکیبی از زرد، سبز و قهوه ای است که به بخش بالایی روده کوچک (اثنی عشر) ترشح می شود تا مواد اضافی دفع شود (مثل بیلی روبین و کلسترول اضافی) و به تجزیه چربی ها کمک کند. مختل شدن این متابولیسم نرمال و یا تولید اضافی بیلی روبین ممکن است موجب یرقان شود.

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